NOTE
(A)
★ You can add numbers in any order. Answer remains the same.
21 +78 = 78 + 21
★ Zero added to any number gives the same number as the sum.
94 + 0 = 94
★ One added to any number gives its successor as the sum.
94 + 1 = 95
(B)
Zero subtracted from any number gives the same number as the difference.
12 – 0 = 12
★ Any number subtracted from itself will give zero as the difference.
12 – 12 = 0
★ One subtracted from any number gives its predecessor as the difference.
OR
★ One subtracted to any number gives its predecessor.
94 – 1 = 93
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Go EASY!
Keywords for addition:
★ How much is the amount in all
★ Find the total or sum
★ Increased by
★ Together
★ Added to
★ More than
Keywords for subtraction:
★ How many did not have
★ How much more
★ How many more
★ Decreased by
★ Difference
★ Fewer
★ Remain
★ Less than
★ Take away
★ Have left
★ Taller/Shorter
★ Change
We multiply
★ when quantity of something is increased many times.
★ when the value of 1 item is given and we have to find out the value of more items. c. when we have to find out the product of two or more numbers.
We divide
★ when something is distributed or shared equally.
★ when we know the value of many quantities and we have to find out the value of one quantity.
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Multiplication by 15
We can split the number 15 as (10+5).
To multiply a number by 15, we first multiply the number by 10. Then halve the product obtained and add the same to the first product.
Example 7: Multiply: 178 x 15 Solution:
178 x (10+5)=(178 x 10) + (178 × 5)
= 1780 + 890=2670
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DIVISION
Division means dividing or sharing something in equal parts.
Dividend: The number that has to be divided. Denote it as capital D
Divisor: The number that divides the dividend.
Denote it as small d
Quotient: The result of dividing a dividend by a divisor.
Denote it as capital Q
Remainder: The number left after division and its value is less than the divisor:
Denote it as capital R
To verify the result of division, we use the following:
Dividend = (Divisor x Quotient) + Remainder
Verification
D = d × Q + R
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